Sphaeranthus senegalensis DC: Evaluation of chemical constituents, oral safety, gastroprotective activity, and mechanism of action of its hydroethanolic extract.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Ismaila Yada SudiBulus Adzu

Abstract

Sphaeranthus senegalensis DC is a seasonal herb with a spicy smell that grows wild in wet grounds of tropical Africa and Asia. The plant is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases; that includes its use to treat gastric ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of the hydroethanolic extract of Sphaeranthus senegalensis DC and evaluate its oral safety, gastroprotective activity, and mechanisms of action using laboratory models in rats and mice. Hydroethanolic extract (70%) of the powdered whole dried material was prepared, and chemical constituents of the resultant extract (denoted HESs) standardized using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The safety profile of HESs was assessed using 2000 mg/kg, oral (p.o.) for Hippocratic screening in mice, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. for 28 days subchronic toxicity assay in rats. The gastroprotective effect of HESs (25, 100, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was investigated using acidified ethanol, piroxicam, water immobilization stress, and acetic acid-induced ulcer models. The gastroprotective mechanisms of HESs were evaluated using its effect on gastric mucus protection, nitric oxide modulation, gastric juice secretory parameters, catalase an...Continue Reading

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