Sphingomyelinase D in sicariid spider venom is a potent insecticidal toxin

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Pamela A Zobel-ThroppGreta J Binford

Abstract

Spider venoms have evolved over hundreds of millions of years with a primary role of immobilizing prey. Sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) and homologs in the SicTox gene family are the most abundantly expressed toxic protein in venoms of Loxosceles and Sicarius spiders (Sicariidae). While SMase D is well known to cause dermonecrotic lesions in mammals, little work has investigated the bioactivity of this enzyme in its presumed natural role of immobilizing insect prey. We expressed and purified recombinant SMase D from Loxosceles arizonica (Laz-SMase D) and compared its enzymatic and insecticidal activity to that of crude venom. SMase D enzymatic activities of purified protein and crude venom from the same species were indistinguishable. In addition, SMase D and crude venom have comparable and high potency in immobilization assays on crickets. These data indicate that SMase D is a potent insecticidal toxin, the role for which it presumably evolved.

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Citations

Dec 7, 2013·Journal of Proteome Research·Pamela A Zobel-ThroppGreta J Binford
Mar 19, 2014·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Luiza Helena GremskiSilvio Sanches Veiga
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Mar 26, 2013·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Jennifer J SmithPaul F Alewood
May 6, 2015·Toxins·Io-Guané RiveraAntonio Gomez-Muñoz
Oct 21, 2015·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Daniel M Lajoie, Matthew H J Cordes
Feb 16, 2016·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Natalia PresaAntonio Gomez-Muñoz
Jun 12, 2013·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Fernando Hitomi MatsubaraSilvio Sanches Veiga
Mar 12, 2020·Toxins·Luiza Helena GremskiSilvio Sanches Veiga
Dec 20, 2018·Toxins·Paula J Segura-Ramírez, Pedro I Silva Júnior
Mar 11, 2015·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Daniel M LajoieMatthew H J Cordes
Dec 20, 2018·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Matthew H J Cordes, Greta J Binford
Feb 15, 2017·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Daniele Chaves-MoreiraSilvio Sanches Veiga
Jul 1, 2019·Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution·Pamela A Zobel-ThroppGreta J Binford
Nov 15, 2019·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Bárbara Bruna Ribeiro de Oliveira-MendesCarolina Campolina Rebello Horta

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