Spinal Arteriovenous Shunts: Angioarchitecture and Historical Changes in Classification

Neurologia Medico-chirurgica
Keisuke Takai

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to review historical changes in the classification of spinal arteriovenous (AV) shunts and to propose a practical classification system. The associated literature regarding the classification of spinal AV shunts was reviewed in the angiography era between 1967 and 2015. The classification systems of spinal AV shunts and a proposed classification system were presented with neuroradiological imaging and medical illustrations. There have been seven major classification systems based on the evolution of diagnostic methods as well as treatments for spinal AV shunts: the first description of spinal AV shunts diagnosed and classified using spinal angiography in 1971; the second classification based on a case report of intradural direct perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) treated by microsurgery in 1987; the third classification based on a case series of intradural perimedullary AVFs treated by endovascular interventions in 1993; the fourth and fifth classification systems based on a case series of spinal AVFs and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by microsurgery or endovascular interventions in 2002; the sixth classification based on a case series of cranio-spinal dural AV shunts in 200...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 6, 2019·British Journal of Neurosurgery·Ghassan KerryHans-Herbert Steiner
Aug 8, 2020·Zhurnal voprosy neĭrokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko·M O DeminYu V Kushel
Sep 15, 2020·Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine·Jodi SpanglerJonathan S Ilgen
Jan 6, 2021·Acta neurologica Belgica·Antonin CantNiels Libbrecht
Sep 28, 2018·Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences·John K YueSanjay S Dhall
Feb 3, 2021·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·Maria Ines De FreitasGiunio B Cherubini
Feb 2, 2021·Continuum : Lifelong Learning in Neurology·Nicholas L Zalewski
Oct 14, 2020·World Neurosurgery·Kennedy CarpenterR Shane Tubbs
Feb 6, 2021·Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery·Ali AlkhaibaryAbdulrahman Y Alturki
Jul 27, 2021·European Journal of Radiology Open·Valerio Da RosFrancesca Di Giuliano
Oct 16, 2021·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·M P KonaS Rohatgi
Aug 25, 2021·Neurointervention·Abdulrahman Hamad Al-AbdulwahhabDae Chul Suh

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