Abstract
In patients with ankylosing spondylitis, the altered biomechanics of the spine increase the incidence of spinal fractures and the risk of subsequent displacement and neurologic injury. Radiographic evaluation is difficult and requires imaging of the entire spine and the use of advanced imaging. Nonsurgical treatment has a high rate of complications and is typically pursued only when surgical intervention would carry unacceptably high perioperative risks. The surgical approach depends on the fracture location and any deformity present. Anterior fixation alone has been associated with high failure rates; therefore, posterior or combined anterior-posterior fixation should be considered. With either nonsurgical or surgical management, complications are frequent and can result in high mortality rates; however, good outcomes can be achieved if an appropriate level of suspicion of fracture is maintained and care is taken to avoid complications related to patient transport, transfer, and positioning.
References
Sep 1, 1992·Arthritis and Rheumatism·J P DevogelaerC Nagant de Deuxchaisnes
Mar 3, 1990·BMJ : British Medical Journal·S H RalstonR D Sturrock
Jun 1, 1983·Arthritis and Rheumatism·T Hunter, H I Dubo
Feb 1, 1994·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·S DonnellyT D Spector
Jan 1, 1996·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·C OlerudJ Bring
Jun 1, 1997·Journal belge de radiologie·S Van de StraeteB Nuttin
Apr 7, 1998·The Journal of Trauma·C T Wu, S T Lee
Aug 4, 1999·Spinal Cord·J A FinkelsteinS Mirza
Dec 31, 2004·Acta Radiologica·M P KoivikkoS K Koskinen
Mar 12, 2005·Rheumatology International·Ernst FeldtkellerSjef van der Linden
Apr 5, 2005·Journal of the American College of Surgeons·Francis H Shen, Dino Samartzis
Aug 23, 2005·The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·Erik N KubiakPaul E Di Cesare
Sep 16, 2006·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Claire M McVeigh, Andrew P Cairns
Apr 24, 2007·Lancet·Jürgen Braun, Joachim Sieper
Apr 19, 2008·Skeletal Radiology·Mika P Koivikko, Seppo K Koskinen
Sep 16, 2008·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·L A WesterveldF C Oner
Dec 11, 2008·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·D VosseP Geusens
Oct 5, 2010·The Journal of Rheumatology·Rüdiger J WeissScott M Montgomery
May 17, 2014·Injury·David YeohShuiab Karmani
Citations
Aug 18, 2017·Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma·Tarush RustagiJens R Chapman
May 8, 2018·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·Michael M SafaeeAaron J Clark
Oct 7, 2017·Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine·Frederik R TeunissenJoseph H Schwab
Feb 6, 2018·The Open Neurology Journal·Ali Faqeeh, David Yen
Jul 28, 2019·BMC Surgery·Yang MinWei Ren-Xiong
Jun 13, 2020·BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders·Jianqiang KouYingzhen Wang
Jun 4, 2020·Continuum : Lifelong Learning in Neurology·Pantelis P Pavlakis
Oct 6, 2020·British Journal of Neurosurgery·Ming-Fai TseChe-Kuang Lin
Jan 17, 2021·Emergency Radiology·Riku M VierunenFrank V Bensch
Mar 3, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Elisa MaredduStefan Bauer
Apr 9, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Yawara EguchiSeiji Ohtori
Apr 10, 2021·PloS One·Tianyu ZhangBaoguo Jiang
Sep 3, 2020·Asian Spine Journal·Hisanori IkumaKeisuke Kawasaki
Jun 14, 2021·Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery·Haisong YangXuhua Lu
Jul 1, 2021·Curēus·Lim Chia Hua, Sabarul A Mokhtar
Dec 21, 2021·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Mayur SharmaDoniel Drazin
Oct 2, 2021·Neurosurgical Focus·Maximilian SchwendnerSandro M Krieg
Oct 2, 2021·Neurosurgical Focus·Basem IshakJens R Chapman