Spindle-E Acts Antivirally Against Alphaviruses in Mosquito Cells

Viruses
Margus VarjakEsther Schnettler

Abstract

Mosquitoes transmit several human- and animal-pathogenic alphaviruses (Togaviridae family). In alphavirus-infected mosquito cells two different types of virus-specific small RNAs are produced as part of the RNA interference response: short-interfering (si)RNAs and PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs. The siRNA pathway is generally thought to be the main antiviral pathway. Although an antiviral activity has been suggested for the piRNA pathway its role in host defences is not clear. Knock down of key proteins of the piRNA pathway (Ago3 and Piwi5) in Aedesaegypti-derived cells reduced the production of alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-specific piRNAs but had no effect on virus replication. In contrast, knock down of the siRNA pathway key protein Ago2 resulted in an increase in virus replication. Similar results were obtained when expression of Piwi4 was silenced. Knock down of the helicase Spindle-E (SpnE), an essential co-factor of the piRNA pathway in Drosophila melanogaster, resulted in increased virus replication indicating that SpnE acts as an antiviral against alphaviruses such as CHIKV and the related Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Surprisingly, this effect was found to be independent of the siRNA and piRNA pathways in Ae. aegypti ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 30, 2018·The Journal of General Virology·Margus VarjakEsther Schnettler
Apr 2, 2020·Biological Chemistry·Iana V KimClaus-D Kuhn
Jun 12, 2019·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Anna KolliopoulouLuc Swevers
Dec 23, 2020·PLoS Pathogens·Samuel StokesChris Boutell
Jan 9, 2021·Annual Review of Entomology·Bryony C Bonning, Maria-Carla Saleh
Jan 22, 2021·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Samara Rosendo MachadoPascal Miesen

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
in vitro transcription
Assay
PCR
transfection
gene knock down

Software Mentioned

BLAST

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