Spore load and immune response of honey bees naturally infected by Nosema ceranae

Parasitology Research
Wenfeng LiYan Ping Chen

Abstract

Nosema ceranae causes widespread infection in adult workers of European honey bees, Apis mellifera, and has often been linked to honey bee colony losses worldwide. Previous investigations of honey bee immune response to N. ceranae infection were largely based on laboratory experiment, however, little is known about the immune response of honey bees that are naturally infected by N. ceranae. Here, we compared the infection levels of N. ceranae in three different categories of adult bees (emergent bees, nurses, and foragers) and detected the host immune response to the N. ceranae infection under natural conditions. Our studies showed that the Nosema spore load and infection prevalence varied among the different types of adult workers, and both of them increased as honey bees aged: No infection was detected in emergent bees, nurses had a medium spore load and prevalence, while foragers were with the highest Nosema infection level and prevalence. Quantification of the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, apidaecin, defensin-1, defensin-2, and hymenoptaecin) and microbial recognition proteins (PGRP-S1, PGRP-S2, PGRP-S3, PGRP-LC, GNBP1-1, and GNBP1-2) confirmed the involvement of the Toll and/or Imd immune pathways in the ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 25, 2002·Nature·Michael Zasloff
Nov 7, 2003·Nature·Jules A Hoffmann
Dec 20, 2003·Science·Vanessa GobertDominique Ferrandon
May 18, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Xiaolong Yang, Diana L Cox-Foster
Apr 1, 2006·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Mariano HigesAránzazu Meana
Apr 19, 2006·Immunity·Anna Zaidman-RémyBruno Lemaitre
Oct 31, 2006·Insect Molecular Biology·J D EvansD Hultmark
Jan 5, 2007·Annual Review of Immunology·Bruno Lemaitre, Jules Hoffmann
Jul 27, 2007·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Mariano HigesAránzazu Meana
Sep 8, 2007·Science·Diana L Cox-FosterW Ian Lipkin
Jun 13, 2008·Nature Protocols·Thomas D Schmittgen, Kenneth J Livak
Jun 14, 2008·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Geoffrey R WilliamsRichard E L Rogers
Jul 24, 2008·Environmental Microbiology·Mariano HigesAránzazu Meana
Dec 31, 2008·PloS One·Dennis van EngelsdorpJeffery Pettis
Jan 13, 2009·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Christopher Mayack, Dhruba Naug
Apr 11, 2009·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Ciro InvernizziYamandú Mendoza
May 12, 2009·Current Biology : CB·Marcelo A Aizen, Lawrence D Harder
Nov 17, 2009·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Ingemar Fries
Jan 7, 2010·Environmental Microbiology·Cédric AlauxYves Le Conte
Jan 9, 2010·Science·Francis L W Ratnieks, Norman L Carreck
Mar 20, 2010·Veterinary Parasitology·Eva Forsgren, Ingemar Fries
Apr 20, 2010·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Elke Genersch
Nov 9, 2010·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Mikio Yoshiyama, Kiyoshi Kimura
Oct 18, 2011·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Matthew D Smart, Walter S Sheppard
Nov 11, 2011·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Navdeep S MuttiGro V Amdam
Jan 17, 2012·Die Naturwissenschaften·Jeffery S PettisGalen Dively
Mar 29, 2012·Parasitology Research·Jessica MartínezPaulette Conget
May 23, 2012·Journal of Insect Physiology·Veeranan ChaimaneeJeffery S Pettis
Jun 26, 2012·Nucleic Acids Research·Andreas UntergasserSteven G Rozen
Aug 29, 2012·PloS One·R Scott CornmanJay D Evans
Apr 1, 2009·Environmental Microbiology Reports·Mariano HigesJosé L Bernal
May 7, 2014·Immunologic Research·Firdaus S Dhabhar
Jan 1, 2012·Insects·Grace E MulhollandRichard D Fell

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 27, 2018·Environmental Microbiology·Raquel Martín-HernándezMariano Higes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

SPSS
PASW Statistics

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.