Squaraine Dyes: Molecular Design for Different Applications and Remaining Challenges.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
Kristina IlinaMaged Henary

Abstract

Squaraine dyes are a class of organic dyes with strong and narrow absorption bands in the near-infrared. Despite high molar absorptivities and fluorescence quantum yields, these dyes have been less explored than other dye scaffolds due to their susceptibility to nucleophilic attack. Recent strategies in probe design including encapsulation, conjugation to biomolecules, and new synthetic modifications have seen squaraine dyes emerging into the forefront of biomedical imaging and other applications. Herein, we provide a concise overview of (1) the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical squaraine dyes, (2) the relationship between structure and photophysical properties of squaraine dyes, and (3) current applications of squaraine dyes in the literature. Given the recent successes at overcoming the limitations of squaraine dyes, they show high potential in biological imaging, in photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and as molecular sensors.

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Citations

Mar 11, 2020·Chirality·Jennifer ZablockiManuela Schiek
Apr 12, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Eder Tomás-MendivilDavid Martin
Dec 18, 2020·Radiology. Imaging Cancer·William M MacCuaigLacey R McNally
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Apr 29, 2021·Science and Technology of Advanced Materials·Karen StrasselMichael Bauer
Apr 20, 2021·Chemistry : a European Journal·Arthur TurkinChristoph Lambert
May 3, 2021·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Cynthia L SchreiberBradley D Smith
Jun 25, 2021·Chemical Science·Shahi Imam RejaKazuya Kikuchi
Jul 2, 2021·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·Manel VegaAntonio Costa
Aug 14, 2020·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Yogesh YadavMaged Henary
Oct 15, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Olga A MassWilliam B Knowlton
Feb 11, 2020·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·William E MeadorJared H Delcamp

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