Stability of Class II corrections with removable and fixed functional appliances: A literature review.

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
Alexandre MoroFrancielle Topolski

Abstract

Class II functional appliances have been used in orthodontics for over 100 years. Although the stability of corrections is one of the main goals of orthodontic treatment, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies on the long-term stability of treatment of Class II malocclusion based on functional appliances. This narrative review attempts to summarize the limited related evidence available and discusses the clinical implications of important aspects related to occlusal and skeletal changes that arise after Class II malocclusion treatment with functional appliances. The occlusal changes obtained through Class II functional treatment do mostly exhibit long-term stability. While mild posttreatment changes occurred, they were most likely due to physiologic aging processes and not likely associated with actual treatment relapse. Long-term retention in the lower jaw would be particularly beneficial. A stable occlusion with good intercuspation in the posterior arches seems more likely to preserve a Class I occlusion after treatment through dentoalveolar compensatory mechanisms. After treatment, the maxilla and the mandible do grow anteriorly, with the mandible growing more than the maxilla. Patients treated with functional appliances...Continue Reading

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