Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Dispersal and Governing Factors

International Journal of Insect Science
Allan T Showler, Weste L A Osbrink

Abstract

Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale (<13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock regularly congregate. Small numbers emigrate from livestock congregation sites in search of other hosts and oviposition substrate, mostly within <1.6 km. Such local movement occurs by flight ~90 cm above ground, or with moving livestock. While stable flies are active year-round in warm latitudes, cold winters in temperate areas result in substantial population and activity declines, limiting movement of any sort to warmer seasons. Long-distance dispersal (>13 km) is mainly wind-driven by weather fronts that carry stable flies from inland farm areas for up to 225 km to beaches of northwestern Florida and Lake Superior. Stable flies can reproduce for a short time each year in washed-up sea grass, but the beaches are not conducive to establishment. Such movement is passive and does not appear to be advantageous to stable fly's survival. On a regional scale, stable flies exhibit little genetic differentiation, and on the global scale, while there m...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 31, 2019·Medical and Veterinary Entomology·A ParravaniR Wall
Apr 11, 2020·Parasites & Vectors·Sándor HornokLászló Sugár
Jul 28, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·Sokchan LornKrajana Tainchum

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BETA
electrophoresis

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