Staphylococcal infections and infertility: mechanisms and management.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Sulagna DuttaUchenna Nwagha

Abstract

Infertility is a subject of worldwide concern as it affects approximately 15% of couples. Among the prime contributors of infertility, urogenital bacterial infections have lately gained much clinical importance. Staphylococcal species are commensal bacteria and major human pathogens mediating an array of reproductive tract infections. Emerging evidences are 'bit by bit' revealing the mechanisms by which Staphylococci strategically disrupt normal reproductive functions. Staphylococcal species can directly or through hematogenous routes can invade the reproductive tissues. In the testicular cells, epididymis as well as in various compartments of female reproductive tracts, the pathogen recognition receptors, toll-like receptors (TLRs), can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the Staphylococci and thereby activate inflammatory signalling pathways. These elicit pro-inflammatory mediators trigger other immune cells to infiltrate and release further inflammatory agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adaptive immune responses may intensify the inflammation-induced reproductive tissue damage, particularly via activation of T-helper (Th) cells, Th1 and Th17 by the innate components or by staphylococcal exotoxins....Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 6, 2020·Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology·Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta
Feb 14, 2021·Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology·Ravindran JegasothyRavichandran Jeganathan
Aug 25, 2021·Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology·Edwin Coleridge Stephen NaiduOnyemaechi Okpara Azu

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