State of the art of contaminated site management in The Netherlands: policy framework and risk assessment tools

The Science of the Total Environment
F A SwartjesL Posthuma

Abstract

This paper presents the policy framework of contaminated site management in The Netherlands and the corresponding risk assessment tools, including innovations that have taken place since an overview was published in 1999. According to the Dutch Soil Protection Act assessment framework, soils are subdivided into three quality classes: clean, slightly contaminated and seriously contaminated. Historic cases of slightly contaminated soils are managed in a sustainable way by re-use of soil material within a region on the basis of risk-based and land use specific Maximal Values and Background Values. In case of serious soil contamination remediation is in principle necessary and the urgency of remediation has to be determined based on site-specific risks for human health, the ecosystem and groundwater. The major risk assessment tools in The Netherlands are the CSOIL exposure model (human health risks and food safety), Species Sensitivity Distributions and the Soil Quality Triad (ecological risks), along with a procedure to assess the risks due to contaminant spreading to and in the groundwater. Following the principle 'simple if possible, complex when necessary', tiered approaches are used. Contaminated site practices are supported w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 19, 2013·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Vinicius Henrique de OliveiraLeônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
Sep 26, 2013·Journal of Environmental Management·J PinedoÁ Irabien
Feb 16, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·A CachadaR Pereira
Jul 11, 2012·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Yijun YaoEric M Suuberg
Jan 16, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Jussi Reinikainen, Jaana Sorvari
Jun 7, 2014·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Yevheniya VolchkoTommy Norberg
May 21, 2014·Ground Water·Sener PolatKahraman Unlu
Sep 3, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Patrícia V SilvaSusana Loureiro
May 21, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·T T Yen Le, A Jan Hendriks
Mar 19, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Johannes P A LijzenMari van Dreumel
May 5, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Frank A Swartjes, Paul J C M Janssen
Jul 11, 2016·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Fernando Bruno Vieira da SilvaRoberto Felipe da Silva
Jul 23, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Kabari SamGeorge Prpich
Sep 20, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Joana Luísa PereiraJoão Canário
Aug 3, 2013·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Serenella Sala, Malgorzata Goralczyk
Mar 27, 2015·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·F A Swartjes
Dec 4, 2015·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Mohamed Nouri, Abdelmajid Haddioui
Nov 9, 2018·PeerJ·Elizabeth Lam EsquenaziMaría Gálvez Estay
Nov 24, 2018·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Agnieszka Klimkowicz-PawlasBożena Smreczak
Dec 17, 2014·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Mirelys Rodríguez AlfaroYgor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva
Nov 20, 2020·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Cornelis Am van GestelJörg Römbke
Apr 18, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Yefeng JiangZhou Shi
Sep 16, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Yuan LiBowei Yu
Jul 8, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Anyi Niu, Chuxia Lin

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