Statistical analysis of plating variable effects on the electrical conductivity of electroless copper patterns on paper

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Daniel Zabetakis, Walter J Dressick

Abstract

We describe a process for selective metallization of paper substrates bearing inkjet printed patterns of a commercial Pd/Sn colloidal catalyst ink plated using a commercial electroless Cu bath. The electrical conductivity of the Cu films is analyzed as a function of feature geometry (line dimensions (L) and spacing (S)), type of paper (P), age of the Pd/Sn patterns (A), plating time (T), and plating temperature (H) using a two-level factorial design. Conductivity is influenced predominantly by the P, T, and H factors, with lesser contributions attributed to pair-wise interactions among several of the variables studied. Increases in T and/or H enhance conductivity of the Cu films, whereas increases in P, corresponding to the use of rougher, more porous, paper substrates, yield Cu films exhibiting decreased conductivity. Our analysis leads to a model that predicts Cu film conductivity well over the ranges of variables examined, provides guidelines for identification of optimum conditions for plating highly conductive Cu films, and identifies areas for further process improvement.

References

Nov 7, 2001·Chemistry : a European Journal·S L BrandowW J Dressick
May 24, 2008·Biomacromolecules·Marielle HenrikssonTakashi Nishino
Nov 27, 2008·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Kyoohee WooJooho Moon
Jan 7, 2009·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Dan ZabetakisWalter J Dressick
May 8, 2009·Nanotechnology·Jolke PerelaerUlrich S Schubert
Jan 9, 2010·Biomacromolecules·João P de MesquitaFabiano V Pereira
Feb 25, 2009·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Petri PulkkinenHeikki Tenhu
Jan 28, 2009·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Daniel Zabetakis, Walter J Dressick
Apr 2, 2010·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Dmitry AldakovSerge Palacin
Apr 2, 2010·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Xuqing LiuZijian Zheng
Apr 9, 2010·ACS Nano·Shlomo MagdassiAlexander Kamyshny
Nov 5, 2010·Advanced Materials·Jolke PerelaerUlrich S Schubert
Jan 12, 2012·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Anni MäättänenJouko Peltonen

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Citations

Sep 20, 2012·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Ying-Chih Liao, Zhen-Kai Kao
Jan 7, 2014·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Yu ChangZhen-Guo Yang

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