Statistical significance: p value, 0.05 threshold, and applications to radiomics-reasons for a conservative approach.

European Radiology Experimental
Giovanni Di Leo, Francesco Sardanelli

Abstract

Here, we summarise the unresolved debate about p value and its dichotomisation. We present the statement of the American Statistical Association against the misuse of statistical significance as well as the proposals to abandon the use of p value and to reduce the significance threshold from 0.05 to 0.005. We highlight reasons for a conservative approach, as clinical research needs dichotomic answers to guide decision-making, in particular in the case of diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology. With a reduced p value threshold, the cost of research could increase while spontaneous research could be reduced. Secondary evidence from systematic reviews/meta-analyses, data sharing, and cost-effective analyses are better ways to mitigate the false discovery rate and lack of reproducibility associated with the use of the 0.05 threshold. Importantly, when reporting p values, authors should always provide the actual value, not only statements of "p < 0.05" or "p ≥ 0.05", because p values give a measure of the degree of data compatibility with the null hypothesis. Notably, radiomics and big data, fuelled by the application of artificial intelligence, involve hundreds/thousands of tested features similarly to other "omics" such a...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1992·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·S G HilsenbeckW L McGuire
Jun 1, 1994·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·D G AltmanM Schumacher
Jan 16, 1998·Epidemiology·J M LangC I Cann
Aug 3, 2005·PLoS Medicine·John P A Ioannidis
Apr 26, 2007·PLoS Medicine·Steven Goodman, Sander Greenland
Jan 11, 2011·Nature Medicine·Anil PottiJoseph R Nevins
Jun 14, 2012·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Melissa WellonsDhananjay Vaidya
Apr 16, 2013·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Andrea K ChomistekCharles B Eaton
Dec 10, 2013·Nucleic Acids Research·Danielle WelterHelen Parkinson
Apr 18, 2014·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Pak C Sham, Shaun M Purcell
Feb 11, 2015·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·Anne-Sophie JannotThomas Perneger
May 1, 2015·Nature·Jeffrey T Leek, Roger D Peng
May 1, 2011·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Ruud WetzelsEric-Jan Wagenmakers
Sep 15, 2015·Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : CQ : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees·Hope R Ferdowsian, John P Gluck
Apr 16, 2016·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Michelle C WilliamsUNKNOWN SCOT-HEART Investigators
Jun 27, 2017·Frontiers in Psychology·Joachim I Krueger, Patrick R Heck
Jan 20, 2018·European Radiology·Francesco SardanelliGiovanni Di Leo
Mar 23, 2018·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·John P A Ioannidis
Jun 6, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·David TrafimowFernando Marmolejo-Ramos
Mar 22, 2019·Nature·Valentin AmrheinBlake McShane
Apr 5, 2019·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·John P A Ioannidis
Jan 1, 2018·Nature Human Behaviour·Daniel J BenjaminValen E Johnson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 9, 2020·European Radiology·Daniel Pinto Dos SantosBettina Baessler
Aug 13, 2020·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·Domenico AlbanoLuca Maria Sconfienza
Feb 13, 2021·Diagnostics·Andrea CozziFrancesco Sardanelli
Nov 21, 2020·Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences·Moreno ZanardoFrancesco Sardanelli
Mar 7, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Caterina Beatrice MontiFrancesco Secchi
Nov 18, 2020·Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry·Carmelo MessinaFabio Massimo Ulivieri
Apr 22, 2021·La Radiologia medica·Domenico AlbanoLuca Maria Sconfienza
Aug 5, 2021·Journal of Eating Disorders·Michele C LimElaine Fox
Oct 2, 2021·Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR·Chenchen FengHui Wen
Nov 7, 2021·Insights Into Imaging·Caterina Beatrice MontiFrancesco Sardanelli
Nov 9, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Xiongbin KangBernd W Brandt

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques
imaging
imaging technique

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.