Steatosis, liver injury, and hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis C viral infection.

Journal of Gastroenterology
Kazuhiko Koike

Abstract

In addition to the link with development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. A role of hepatic steatosis in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C has been shown, implying hepatitis C as a metabolic disease. Furthermore, recent epidemiological studies have suggested a linkage between insulin resistance and chronic HCV infection. In addition to the data indicating the presence of lipid metabolism disturbance and insulin resistance in the cohort of chronic hepatitis C patients, we found evidence showing the association between these two conditions and HCV infection using mice transgenic for the HCV core gene. These mice develop HCC late in life after the phase of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. The nonappearance of both steatosis and HCC in HCV core gene transgenic mice that are null for the proteasome activator 28gamma implies a close relationship between lipid metabolism disturbance and hepatocarcinogenesis. Also, the core protein is shown to bind with retinoid X receptor (RXR)-alpha, resulting in the upregulation of some lipid metabolism enzymes, including cellular retinol binding protein II and acyl-CoA oxidase. In ...Continue Reading

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