Stepwise iodination. A general procedure for detoxification of proteins suitable for vaccine development and antiserum production

Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
I F Heneine, L G Heneine

Abstract

By gradual incorporation of stable iodine into toxins and whole venoms it is possible to abolish completely the lesion and lethal properties of the native components. Allergen extracts can be turned anallergic. Physiological proteins with strong biological activity can also be rendered innocuous. Tyrosine and histidine are the reactive groups that incorporate the hapten. Within the same batch of protein, there is a defined ratio hapten/protein to achieve the desired modified properties of the derivative. The iodinating solutions are easily prepared, can be accurately standardized and have unlimited shelf lives. The derivatives are obtained in a short time. The cost of the entire procedure is very low. The method was applied to tityustoxin and whole venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus; crotoxin and whole venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus; to five bothropic venoms; to allergenic extracts of Schistosoma mansoni; to cholera and tetanus toxin; and to insulin, kallikrein and tonin. The derivatives obtained were stable, did not show any reversion to toxicity, generated antibodies against the native antigens and gave active protection when injected into animals. No local or systemic side effects were observed, even after prolon...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 3, 2009·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Zhenjiu Liu, Ryan R Julian
Feb 24, 2015·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·A O CarmoE Kalapothakis
Nov 8, 2018·Toxins·Erick Bermúdez-MéndezAndreas Hougaard Laustsen

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