Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure

Current Directions in Psychological Science
Susan T Fiske

Abstract

Two dimensions persist in social cognition, whether people are making sense of individuals or groups. The Stereotype Content Model terms the basic dimensions perceived warmth (trustworthiness, friendliness) and competence (capability, assertiveness). Measured reliably and validly, these Big Two dimensions converge across methods: survey, cultural, laboratory, and biobehavioral approaches. Generality across place, levels, and time further support the framework. Parallel pairs have emerged repeatedly over the history of psychology and in current theories. The SCM proposes and tests a comprehensive causal theory: perceived social structure (cooperation, status) → stereotypes (warmth, competence) → emotional prejudices (pride, pity, contempt, envy) → discrimination (active and passive help and harm). The SCM uncovers systematic content and dynamics of stereotypes, with practical implications.

References

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Citations

Jan 23, 2020·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Jeremy C SimonJennifer N Gutsell
Dec 4, 2019·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease·Nicolas RüschRoland Zahn
Sep 29, 2019·PloS One·Laura Froehlich, Isabel Schulte
Oct 17, 2019·PloS One·Andrew SteainCatherine J Stevens
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Jun 10, 2020·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Ashley E Martin, Michael L Slepian
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Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Psychology·Dmitry GrigoryevAnastasia Batkhina
Mar 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Naomi EllemersVincent Yzerbyt
May 16, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Miriam K Zehnter, Erich Kirchler
Oct 31, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Andrej FindorLuca Váradi
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Jun 18, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Nino JavakhishviliAnna Gogibedashvili
Aug 23, 2021·Current Opinion in Psychology·Nuria Tolsá-Caballero, Chia-Jung Tsay
Apr 1, 2020··Laura HoffmannMelanie Derksen

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