Stimulated echo based mapping (STEM) of T1 , T2 , and apparent diffusion coefficient: validation and protocol optimization

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Yuxin ZhangDiego Hernando

Abstract

To present a stimulated-echo based mapping (STEM) approach for simultaneous T1 , T2 , and ADC mapping. Diffusion-weighted stimulated-echo images with various combinations of mixing time (TM), TE, and b-value were acquired to enable simultaneous mapping of T1 , T2 , and ADC. The proposed STEM method was performed by densely sampling the TM-TE-b space in a phantom and in brain and prostate of healthy volunteers. T1 , T2 , and ADC from STEM were compared to reference mapping methods. Additionally, protocol optimization was performed to enable rapid STEM acquisition within 2 min by sparsely sampling the TM-TE-b space. The T1 , T2 , and ADC measurements from rapid acquisitions were compared to the densely sampled STEM for evaluation. Finally, a patient with biopsy-proven high-risk prostate cancer was imaged to demonstrate the ability of STEM to differentiate cancer and healthy tissues. Relative to the reference measurements, densely sampled STEM provided accurate quantitative T1 , T2 , and ADC mapping in phantoms (R2  = 0.999, slope between 0.97-1.03), as well as in brain and prostate. Further, the T1 , T2 , and ADC measurements from the optimized rapid STEM acquisitions agreed closely with densely sampled STEM. Finally, STEM showed...Continue Reading

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