Stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat liver by hyaluronan fragments

Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
D C RockeyPaul W Noble

Abstract

Hepatic injury and chronic wounding are characterized by increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins including hyaluronan (HA). Recently, it has been recognized that low-molecular-weight fragments of HA, but not native HA (e.g., high-molecular-weight HA), induce inflammatory gene expression, and activate the transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. Because of this association, we hypothesized that HA fragments might also stimulate iNOS gene transcription. The aims of this study were therefore to determine whether HA or HA fragments induced iNOS in hepatic cells, and to characterize the signaling pathway. HA fragments (100 microg/mL) markedly stimulated iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) in endothelial and Kupffer cells, but minimally induced this mRNA in hepatocytes and stellate cells. High-molecular-weight HA (200 microg/mL) had no effect on iNOS mRNA in any cell type. The addition of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) to HA fragments resulted in stimulation of iNOS mRNA 2-, 3-, 4-, and 10-fold above that for HA fragments alone in hepatocytes, endothelia...Continue Reading

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