Stress and performance: an application of Gray's three-factor arousal theory to basketball free-throw shooting

Journal of Sports Sciences
R WhiteheadR E Vaughn

Abstract

The suitability of Gray's (1975) three-factor arousal theory as a model of human performance under stress was investigated in a study of basketball free-throw shooting. Free-throw attempts, made by members of an NCAA Division I men's varsity team, were videotaped during one full season. On the basis of Gray's theory, we predicted that increased stress (assumed to be present in games as opposed to practices) would be associated with longer pre-shot preparations and a greater incidence of overthrow shots. The prediction was confirmed by the results. Moreover, we found that free-throws were more frequently overthrown when attempted during crucial rather than non-crucial game situations. Further tests of the utility of Gray's theory are suggested.

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Citations

Jan 30, 2008·Journal of Sports Sciences·A Mark WilliamsNanette Mutrie
May 23, 2007·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Matt GreigLars McNaughton
Jan 23, 2009·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Alexandre MoreiraVera Cavalcanti de Araújo
Sep 15, 2004·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport·H K Smith
Jan 5, 2002·Perceptual and Motor Skills·M G Mack
Feb 26, 2019·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Jesús VeraDavid Cárdenas
Apr 21, 2012·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Arnaldo L MortattiJosé M Filho
Apr 16, 2015·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Richard M PageMatt Greig

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