Stress-Related and Circadian Secretion and Target Tissue Actions of Glucocorticoids: Impact on Health

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Nicolas C NicolaidesGeorge P Chrousos

Abstract

Living organisms are highly complex systems that must maintain a dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis that requires energy to be sustained. Stress is a state in which several extrinsic or intrinsic disturbing stimuli, the stressors, threaten, or are perceived as threatening, homeostasis. To achieve homeostasis against the stressors, organisms have developed a highly sophisticated system, the stress system, which provides neuroendocrine adaptive responses, to restore homeostasis. These responses must be appropriate in terms of size and/or duration; otherwise, they may sustain life but be associated with detrimental effects on numerous physiologic functions of the organism, leading to a state of disease-causing disturbed homeostasis or cacostasis. In addition to facing a broad spectrum of external and/or internal stressors, organisms are subject to recurring environmental changes associated with the rotation of the planet around itself and its revolution around the sun. To adjust their homeostasis and to synchronize their activities to day/night cycles, organisms have developed an evolutionarily conserved biologic system, the "clock" system, which influences several physiologic functions in a circadian fashion. Accumulating evidenc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 31, 2018·Journal of Molecular Endocrinology·Matthew StaglJennifer A Evans
Apr 25, 2019·Clinical Endocrinology·Sirazum ChoudhuryKarim Meeran
Apr 9, 2019·Endocrine-related Cancer·Anna AngelousiGeorge P Chrousos
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Feb 13, 2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Agorastos AgorastosPanagiota Pervanidou
Nov 30, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Emira AyroldiCarlo Riccardi
Jan 8, 2021·European Journal of Psychotraumatology·Agorastos Agorastos, Miranda Olff
Apr 7, 2021·Journal of Music Therapy·Melanie Mitsui WongRachael Finnerty
Apr 18, 2021·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Clarissa Silva Martins, Margaret de Castro
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Nov 12, 2021·Expert Review of Clinical Immunology·Francesco MenzellaNicola Facciolongo

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
pharmacotherapy

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