Strong control of Southern Ocean cloud reflectivity by ice-nucleating particles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Jesús Vergara-TempradoKen S Carslaw

Abstract

Large biases in climate model simulations of cloud radiative properties over the Southern Ocean cause large errors in modeled sea surface temperatures, atmospheric circulation, and climate sensitivity. Here, we combine cloud-resolving model simulations with estimates of the concentration of ice-nucleating particles in this region to show that our simulated Southern Ocean clouds reflect far more radiation than predicted by global models, in agreement with satellite observations. Specifically, we show that the clouds that are most sensitive to the concentration of ice-nucleating particles are low-level mixed-phase clouds in the cold sectors of extratropical cyclones, which have previously been identified as a main contributor to the Southern Ocean radiation bias. The very low ice-nucleating particle concentrations that prevail over the Southern Ocean strongly suppress cloud droplet freezing, reduce precipitation, and enhance cloud reflectivity. The results help explain why a strong radiation bias occurs mainly in this remote region away from major sources of ice-nucleating particles. The results present a substantial challenge to climate models to be able to simulate realistic ice-nucleating particle concentrations and their effe...Continue Reading

References

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Mar 16, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yen-Ting Hwang, Dargan M W Frierson
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Citations

Nov 2, 2018·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Paul J DeMottKimberly A Prather
May 4, 2018·Microfluidics and Nanofluidics·Mark D TarnBenjamin J Murray
Jan 24, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Martin FitznerAngelos Michaelides
Jan 1, 2018·Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics·David L MitchellEhsan Erfani
Jul 15, 2020·Lab on a Chip·Mark D TarnBenjamin J Murray
Aug 1, 2020·Reviews of Geophysics·N BellouinB Stevens
Dec 4, 2020·Environment International·Shu HuangPingqing Fu
May 22, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Ralph SchwidetzkyKonrad Meister
Apr 28, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mark A HoldenHugo K Christenson
Jul 6, 2021·Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres : JGR·Alireza MoallemiJulia Schmale
Jul 20, 2021·Environmental Science: Atmospheres·A Sanchez-MarroquinB J Murray
Jul 29, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Guojie XuYuan Gao
Sep 29, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Kathryn A KnackstedtRobert Michael L McKay
Apr 6, 2019·Nano Letters·Cord BertramKarina Morgenstern

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Software Mentioned

Global Model of Aerosol Processes ( GLOMAP )
Cloud AeroSol Interactive Microphysics

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