Structural alterations in depression: cellular mechanisms underlying pathology and treatment of mood disorders

CNS Spectrums
R S Duman

Abstract

Basic and clinical studies over the past 10 years have lead to a fundamental shift in our understanding of mood disorders. These studies demonstrate that mood disorders and stress are accompanied by structural alterations in the brain; moreover, these structural alterations are reversible with antidepressant treatment. These alterations include changes in the length and number of neuronal processes, the number of neurons and glia, and even the rate of neurogenesis in the adult brain. Work is also being conducted to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes and the adaptations that are critical to the therapeutic actions of antidepressant treatment. Some of the intracellular targets include second messengers, gene transcription factors, and neurotrophic factors that could oppose the actions of stress and depression. Taken together, this exciting new work describes and details structural alterations of limbic brain regions that are extremely dynamic and adaptive. Further understanding of the abnormalities in these systems that lead to mood disorders will provide more efficacious and possibly faster-acting therapeutic interventions.

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Citations

Feb 12, 2008·Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health·Erik Parens, Josephine Johnston
Oct 10, 2013·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Kjell FuxeLuigi F Agnati
Feb 22, 2012·The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology·Vanja DuricRonald S Duman
Aug 30, 2007·Nature Neuroscience·Amar Sahay, Rene Hen
Mar 31, 2015·Frontiers in Physiology·Yassemi Koutmani, Katia P Karalis
Jun 26, 2009·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Joshua GreeneRonald S Duman
Mar 31, 2016·Neuroscience Letters·Carolina David WienerJean Pierre Oses
Jun 9, 2005·Biological Psychiatry·Yogesh DwivediRobert R Conley
Apr 20, 2010·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Christoph AnackerCarmine M Pariante
Jul 22, 2008·Biological Psychiatry·Mounira Banasr, Ronald S Duman

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