Structural and evolutionary insights into endogenous alpha-phospholipase A2 inhibitors of Latin American pit vipers

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Maria Inácia Estevão-CostaC L Fortes-Dias

Abstract

Phospholipases A2 are major components of snake venoms (svPLA2s) and are able to induce multiple local and systemic deleterious effects upon envenomation. Several snake species are provided with svPLA2 inhibitors (sbPLIs) in their circulating blood, which confer a natural resistance against the toxic components of homologous and heterologous venoms. The sbPLIs belong to any of three structural classes named α, β and γ. In the present study, we identified, characterized and performed structural and evolutionary analyses of sbαPLIs transcripts and the encoded proteins, in the most common Latin American pit vipers belonging to Crotalus, Bothrops and Lachesis genera. Mutation data indicated that sbαPLIs from Latin American snakes might have evolved in an accelerated manner, similarly to that reported for sbαPLIs from Asian snakes, and possibly co-evoluted with svPLA2s in response to the diversity of target enzymes. The importance of sbαPLI trimerization for the effective binding and inhibition of acidic svPLA2s is discussed and conserved cationic residues located at the central pore of the inhibitor trimer are suggested to be a significant part of the binding site of sbαPLIs to acidic svPLA2s. Our data contribute to the current bod...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2016·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Matthew L HoldingH Lisle Gibbs
Oct 30, 2016·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Lipeng Zhong, Chunhong Huang
Nov 5, 2016·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Lourdes DiasStephen Hyslop
Mar 28, 2017·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Norival A Santos-Filho, Claudia T Santos
Dec 30, 2016·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Patrícia Cota CamposConsuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias

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