Structural heterogeneity of cryotrapped intermediates in the bacterial blue light photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein

Photochemistry and Photobiology
Spencer AndersonKeith Moffat

Abstract

We investigate by X-ray crystallographic techniques the cryotrapped states that accumulate on controlled illumination of the blue light photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein (PYP), at 110 K in both the wild-type species and its E46Q mutant. These states are related to those that occur during the chromophore isomerization process in the PYP photocycle at room temperature. The structures present in such states were determined at high resolution, 0.95-1.05A. In both wild type and mutant PYP, the cryotrapped state is not composed of a single, quasitransition state structure but rather of a heterogeneous mixture of three species in addition to the ground state structure. We identify and refine these three photoactivated species under the assumption that the structural changes are limited to simple isomerization events of the chromophore that otherwise retains chemical bonding similar to that in the ground state. The refined chromophore models are essentially identical in the wild type and the E46Q mutant, which implies that the early stages of their photocycle mechanisms are the same.

References

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Citations

Nov 8, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Friedrich SchottePhilip A Anfinrud
May 28, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Paul A SigalaDaniel Herschlag
May 5, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Hyotcherl IheeKeith Moffat
Jul 27, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Robert S H LiuTaraneh Mirzadegan
Oct 4, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L J G W van WilderenM L Groot
Sep 1, 2005·Current Opinion in Structural Biology·Dominique Bourgeois, Antoine Royant
Nov 25, 2014·Biophysical Journal·Samantha J O HardmanNigel S Scrutton
Aug 27, 2005·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·M A van der HorstK J Hellingwerf

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray

Software Mentioned

DENZO
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