Structural nanotechnology: three-dimensional cryo-EM and its use in the development of nanoplatforms for in vitro catalysis

Nanoscale
Mark V de RuiterJosé R Castón

Abstract

The organization of enzymes into different subcellular compartments is essential for correct cell function. Protein-based cages are a relatively recently discovered subclass of structurally dynamic cellular compartments that can be mimicked in the laboratory to encapsulate enzymes. These synthetic structures can then be used to improve our understanding of natural protein-based cages, or as nanoreactors in industrial catalysis, metabolic engineering, and medicine. Since the function of natural protein-based cages is related to their three-dimensional structure, it is important to determine this at the highest possible resolution if viable nanoreactors are to be engineered. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is ideal for undertaking such analyses within a feasible time frame and at near-native conditions. This review describes how three-dimensional cryo-EM is used in this field and discusses its advantages. An overview is also given of the nanoreactors produced so far, their structure, function, and applications.

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Citations

May 1, 2020·Biomaterials Science·Nicole F SteinmetzFrank Sainsbury
Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Pengfei LiLihua Guo
Feb 18, 2021·ChemMedChem·Pedro GamaRafael Vazquez-Duhalt
Jul 3, 2021·Nanomaterials·Javier M RodríguezJosé R Castón

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
X-ray
electron microscopy
electron scattering
NMR
phosphotransferase
light
dissection

Software Mentioned

DED
cisTEM
Leginon
EMAN2
SPHIRE
FREALIGN
Xmipp
RELION
JADAS
CryoSPARC

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