Structure-activity relationship of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in the induction of cytokine production from macrophages, in vitro

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
M OkazakiT Yadomae

Abstract

In a previous study, we reported that one of the gel-forming (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans, grifolan (from Grifola frondosa, GRN), stimulated cytokine production from macrophages in vitro. However, several other gel-forming (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans, such as sonifilan (SPG) and SSG, did not induce cytokine production from macrophages. The ultrastructure of gel-forming (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans, especially the triple- and single-helix, does not affect the cytokine-inducing activity. The action on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) release was correlated with the molecular weight of GRN, since the highest molecular weight fraction of GRN, Mr > or = 45000, exhibited the strongest activity. Although, native SSG (Mr > or = 2000000) did not induce cytokine production, chemical modification involving debranching of the side chain glucosyl residues of SSG resulted in TNF alpha inducing activity. These results suggest that the branching ratio and molecular weight of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are important factors for the production of cytokines from macrophages. GRN-inducible TNF alpha release was reduced by co-culturing with SPG, SSG, or the soluble beta-glucan, laminarin (LAM). Pretreatment alone with SPG or LAM was not sufficient for significan...Continue Reading

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