Structure-Function Studies and Mechanism of Action of Snake Venom L-Amino Acid Oxidases

Frontiers in Pharmacology
Anwar Ullah

Abstract

Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (SV-LAAOs) are the least studied venom enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the stereospecific oxidation of an L-amino acid to their corresponding α-keto acid with the liberation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia (NH3). They display various pathological and physiological activities including induction of apoptosis, edema, platelet aggregation/inhibition, hemorrhagic, and anticoagulant activities. They also show antibacterial, antiviral and leishmanicidal activity and have been used as therapeutic agents in some disease conditions like cancer and anti-HIV drugs. Although the crystal structures of six SV-LAAOs are present in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), there is no single article that describes all of them in particular. To better understand their structural properties and correlate it with their function, the current work describes structure characterization, structure-based mechanism of catalysis, inhibition and substrate specificity of SV-LAAOs. Sequence analysis indicates a high sequence identity (>84%) among SV-LAAOs, comparatively lower sequence identity with Pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase (<50%) and very low sequence identity (<24%) with bacterial LAAOs, Fugal (L-lysine oxidase), and Zea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Anwar Ullah, Rehana Masood
Jan 27, 2021·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Vladimir MilovanovicIrena Zivkovic
Mar 4, 2021·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Jiann-Horng LeuHao-Ching Wang
Jul 25, 2021·Chemico-biological Interactions·Rodrigo Simões-SilvaAndreimar M Soares
Aug 13, 2021·Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis·Gary William Moore

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
deamination
Fluorescence microscopy

Software Mentioned

SV
PPM
PyMOL
CheckMyMetal ( CMM )
DSSP
LAAO
Pdbsum

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

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