Structure of a variable lymphocyte receptor-like protein from the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae

Scientific Reports
Dong-Dong CaoCong-Zhao Zhou

Abstract

Discovery of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) in agnathans (jawless fish) has brought the origin of adaptive immunity system (AIS) forward to 500 million years ago accompanying with the emergence of vertebrates. Previous findings indicated that amphioxus, a representative model organism of chordate, also possesses some homologs of the basic components of TCR/BCR-based AIS, but it remains unknown if there exist any components of VLR-based AIS in amphioxus. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae encodes a group of putative VLR-like proteins. Here we reported the 1.79 Å crystal structure of Bf66946, which forms a crescent-shaped structure of five leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Structural comparisons indicated that Bf66946 resembles the lamprey VLRC. Further electrostatic potential analyses showed a negatively-charged patch at the concave of LRR solenoid structure that might be responsible for antigen recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with bacterial binding assays revealed that Bf66946 binds to the surface of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia via a couple of acidic residues at the concave. In addition, the closest homolog of Bf66946 is highly expr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 11, 2017·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Xin LiaoJunyuan Chen
Feb 25, 2017·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Jose Ricardo Morales PoolePierre Pontarotti
Nov 18, 2017·Annual Review of Immunology·Thomas BoehmMax D Cooper
May 6, 2017·Scientific Reports·Xuemei QuYingqiu Li
Jan 3, 2021·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Wenjun WangShuo Ding

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gel-filtration
circular dichroism
gel filtration
electrophoresis
PCR

Software Mentioned

Superpose Molecules
MOLPROBITY
REFMAC5
CCP4i
AutoBuild
COOT
AutoSol
PHENIX
HKL2000
BLAST

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