Structure of the Bacterial Cellulose Ribbon and Its Assembly-Guiding Cytoskeleton by Electron Cryotomography.

Journal of Bacteriology
W. J. NICOLASGrant J Jensen

Abstract

Cellulose is a widespread component of bacterial biofilms, where its properties of exceptional water retention, high tensile strength, and stiffness prevent dehydration and mechanical disruption of the biofilm. Bacteria in the genus Gluconacetobacter secrete crystalline cellulose, with a structure very similar to that found in plant cell walls. How this higher-order structure is produced is poorly understood. We used cryo-electron tomography and focused-ion-beam milling of native bacterial biofilms to image cellulose-synthesizing Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria in a frozen-hydrated, near-native state. We confirm previous results suggesting that cellulose crystallization occurs serially following its secretion along one side of the cell, leading to a cellulose ribbon that can reach several micrometers in length and combine with ribbons from other cells to form a robust biofilm matrix. We were able to take direct measurements in a near-native state of the cellulose sheets. Our results also reveal a novel cytoskeletal structure, which we have named the cortical belt, adjacent to the inner membrane and underlying the sites where cellulose is seen emerging from the cell. We found that this structure...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 23, 2021·Biochemical Society Transactions·Thomas H WilsonSimon R Turner
Sep 23, 2021·Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology·Guohui LiQufu Wei
Oct 12, 2021·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Wiem AbidiPetya Violinova Krasteva

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
confocal microscopy
scraping

Software Mentioned

etomo
sideview
Airyscan
Vitrobot
Zeiss
IMOD
GraphPad Prism

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