Study of concentration-dependent cobalt ion doping of TiO2 and TiO(2-x)Nx at the nanoscale

Nanoscale
James L GoleClemens Burda

Abstract

Experiments with a porous sol-gel generated TiO(2) nanocolloid and its corresponding oxynitride TiO(2-x)N(x) are carried out to evaluate those transformations which accompany additional doping with transition metals. In this study, doping with cobalt (Co(ii)) ions is evaluated using a combination of core level and VB-photoelectron and optical spectroscopy, complementing data obtained from Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy suggests that cobalt doping of porous sol-gel generated anatase TiO(2) and nitridated TiO(2-x)N(x) introduces a spinel-like structure into the TiO(2) and TiO(2-x)N(x) lattices. TEM and XPS data complemented by valence band-photoelectron spectra demonstrate that metallic cobalt clusters are not formed even at high doping levels. As evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, the creation of a spinel-like structure is commensurate with the room temperature conversion of the oxide and its oxynitride from the anatase to the rutile form. The onset of this kinetically driven process correlates with the formation of spinel sites within the TiO(2) and TiO(2-x)N(x) particles. Despite their visible light absorption, the photocatalytic activity of these cobalt seeded systems is diminished relative to the oxynitride TiO(2-x)N(x).

References

Nov 20, 2001·Nature·M Grätzel
Oct 18, 2003·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·James L GoleAnn S Erickson
Apr 14, 2005·Chemical Reviews·Clemens BurdaMostafa A El-Sayed
Mar 26, 2008·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Xiaobo Chen, Clemens Burda

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Citations

Jun 7, 2014·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Choumini Balasanthiran, James D Hoefelmeyer
Oct 9, 2014·Chemical Reviews·Lixia SangClemens Burda
Jan 31, 2012·Chemical Society Reviews·Tennyson L Doane, Clemens Burda
May 28, 2014·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·William I Laminack, James L Gole
Mar 22, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Huaqiang ZhuangXuxu Wang
Jan 23, 2014·Angewandte Chemie·Yaokang LvDominic S Wright
Aug 13, 2021·Scientific Reports·R KrishnapriyaA-H I Mourad

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