Study of VIPER and TATE in kinetoplastids and the evolution of tyrosine recombinase retrotransposons

Mobile DNA
Yasmin Carla RibeiroAdriana Ludwig

Abstract

Kinetoplastids are a flagellated group of protists, including some parasites, such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania species, that can cause diseases in humans and other animals. The genomes of these species enclose a fraction of retrotransposons including VIPER and TATE, two poorly studied transposable elements that encode a tyrosine recombinase (YR) and were previously classified as DIRS elements. This study investigated the distribution and evolution of VIPER and TATE in kinetoplastids to understand the relationships of these elements with other retrotransposons. We observed that VIPER and TATE have a discontinuous distribution among Trypanosomatidae, with several events of loss and degeneration occurring during a vertical transfer evolution. We were able to identify the terminal repeats of these elements for the first time, and we showed that these elements are potentially active in some species, including T. cruzi copies of VIPER. We found that VIPER and TATE are strictly related elements, which were named in this study as VIPER-like. The reverse transcriptase (RT) tree presented a low resolution, and the origin and relationships among YR groups remain uncertain. Conversely, for RH, VIPER-like grouped with Hepadnavirus, wherea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 22, 2020·Annual Review of Genetics·Jonathan N Wells, Cédric Feschotte
Nov 19, 2021·G3 : Genes - Genomes - Genetics·Camilla Borges GazollaDaniel Pacheco Bruschi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Illumina sequencing
RNA-seq

Software Mentioned

RAxML
MUSCLE
in
FigTree
- search
house Perl script
TATE
PSI
CENSOR
HIT

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