Studying tissue macrophages in vitro: are iPSC-derived cells the answer?

Nature Reviews. Immunology
Christopher Z W LeeFlorent Ginhoux

Abstract

Macrophages are immune cells with important roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation and pathologies. Hence, macrophage populations represent promising targets for modern medicine. Exploiting the potential of macrophage-targeted therapies will require a thorough understanding of the mechanisms controlling their development, specialization and maintenance throughout their lifespan. Macrophages have been studied in vitro for many years, but recent advances in the field of macrophage biology have called into question the validity of traditional approaches. New models, such as recent innovations in generating macrophages from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), must take into account the impact of heterogeneity in the origin and tissue-specific functions of macrophages. Here, we discuss these protocols and argue for a better understanding of the type of macrophages made in vitro; we also encourage recognition of the importance of tissue identity of macrophages, which cannot be recapitulated by cytokine-dependent protocols. We suggest that a two-step model - in which iPSC-derived macrophages are first generated based on their ontogeny and then conditioned by their tissue-specific environment - offers immense potential for gener...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 3, 2019·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Marie Sophie BickesDorothee Viemann
Sep 24, 2019·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Anne-Laure HemonnotHélène Hirbec
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

Software Mentioned

iMac
iMicros

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