Subcutaneous nodules: an important adverse event following immunization

Expert Review of Vaccines
Rowena SilcockKirsten P Perrett

Abstract

Subcutaneous nodules are a rare adverse event following immunization (AEFI). Reported cases have frequently been associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. Despite the development of a consensus definition of a subcutaneous nodule from the Brighton Collaboration in 2004, there continues to be variation in definitions used in published literature. Areas covered: We reviewed the literature regarding subcutaneous nodule etiology, definition, clinical features, management, and approach to future immunizations. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched with relevant MeSH terms initially on 8 November 2016, the same searches were repeated on 9 September 2018 prior to finalizing this review. We reviewed published case reports and larger studies reporting subcutaneous nodules and also reviewed articles discussing broader use of aluminum in immunizations and AEFIs. Expert commentary: Consensus from clinicians regarding the approach to management of subcutaneous nodules is vital. We believe that the safety concerns regarding aluminum causing subcutaneous nodules are far outweighed by the benefits of vaccines containing aluminum. Ultimately, supporting subsequent immunizations in individuals that develop nodules needs to be a priority.

References

Oct 1, 1991·Journal of Clinical Pathology·J S RossI R White
Nov 1, 1986·Contact Dermatitis·K Böhler-Sommeregger, H Lindemayr
Sep 11, 1971·British Medical Journal·M Erdohazi, R L Newman
Oct 1, 1984·Archives of Dermatology·H A Fawcett, N P Smith
May 1, 1993·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·J R MiliauskasB Dixon
Feb 24, 2001·European Radiology·E PelikanU Timmermann
Apr 12, 2001·Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·A Y RazumovskyW A Baumgartner
Jun 6, 2002·Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health : CBMH·Anu S. Aromäki, Ralf E. Lindman
Aug 20, 2002·Vaccine·Theodore C Eickhoff, Martin Myers
Aug 20, 2002·Vaccine·Norman W BaylorPaul Richman
Aug 20, 2002·Vaccine·C J Clements, E Griffiths
Jan 27, 2004·Vaccine·Edward RothsteinUNKNOWN Brighton Collaboration Local Reaction Working Group
Feb 12, 2004·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Tom JeffersonCarlo Di Pietrantonj
May 4, 2004·Vaccine·Birgit Thierry-Carstensen, Michael Stellfeld
Jun 3, 2004·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Christopher Exley
Aug 19, 2004·Vaccine·Erik B Lindblad
Feb 24, 2006·Archives of Dermatology·Mariko SeishimaTatsuo Suzutani
Oct 28, 2008·Vaccine·Jane GiduduUNKNOWN Brighton Collaboration Local Reactions Working Group for a Local Reaction at or near Injection Site
Dec 17, 2008·Clinical and Experimental Dermatology·S R Hoque, S H Cliff
Aug 18, 2010·Acta Paediatrica. Supplement·Å OrtqvistB Trollfors
Oct 23, 2010·The Journal of Dermatological Treatment·Romy R M C KeijsersMarieke M B Seyger
Jun 2, 2012·Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug·Jonathan S LeventhalDavid E Cohen
Apr 23, 2013·Contact Dermatitis·Anette Gente LidholmBirger Trollfors
Aug 22, 2014·Clinical and Experimental Dermatology·M LamI H Leach
Jul 13, 2016·Pediatric Annals·Sabrina Fernandez
Apr 16, 2018·Pediatric Dermatology·Nadia Raison-PeyronBrigitte Milpied
Aug 25, 2018·Vaccine·Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 30, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Ian F Cook
Jan 6, 2021·Journal of Ultrasound·Ana María González PérezFernando Alfageme Roldán

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.