Subliminal processing of smoking-related and affective stimuli in tobacco addiction.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
Adam M LeventhalYisheng Li

Abstract

Cognitive processing biases toward smoking-related and affective cues may play a role in tobacco dependence. Because processing biases may occur outside conscious awareness, the current study examined processing of smoking-related and affective stimuli presented at subliminal conditions. A pictorial subliminal repetition priming task was administered to three groups: (1) Nonsmokers (n = 56); (2) Smokers (> or =10 cigarettes/day) who had been deprived from smoking for 12 h (n = 47); and (3) Nondeprived smokers (n = 66). Prime stimuli were presented briefly (17 ms) and were followed by a mask (to render them unavailable to conscious awareness) and then a target. Participants were required to make a speeded classification to the target. A posttask awareness check was administered to ensure that participants could not consciously perceive the briefly presented primes (i.e., smoking paraphernalia, neutral office supplies, and happy, angry, and neutral facial expressions). The groups differed in the degree to which they exhibited a processing bias for smoking-related stimuli, F(2, 166) = 4.99, p = .008. Deprived smokers exhibited a bias toward processing smoking (vs. neutral office supply) stimuli, F(1, 46) = 5.67, p = .02, whereas n...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 10, 2010·Psychopharmacology·Tanya R SchlamJohn J Curtin
Feb 18, 2010·Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology·Gregory L AsgaardAmber Dillon
Mar 20, 2013·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors·Adam M LeventhalJohn Monterosso
Apr 2, 2011·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Yessenia CastroDavid W Wetter
Aug 7, 2012·Journal of Addiction Medicine·Stephanie R Pitts, Adam M Leventhal
Nov 10, 2010·Evaluation & the Health Professions·Lavonda MickensAdam M Leventhal
Mar 3, 2010·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology·Alan W Stacy, Reinout W Wiers
Jul 3, 2009·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Adam M LeventhalSteve Sussman
Jan 29, 2011·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·K M Kantak, B Á Nic Dhonnchadha
Jun 26, 2012·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Neomi van DuijvenbodeRutger C M E Engels

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