Substrate specificity and membrane topologies of the iron-containing ω3 and ω6 desaturases from Mortierella alpina

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Mingxuan WangYong Q Chen

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential lipids for cell function, normal growth, and development, serving as key structural components of biological membranes and modulating critical signal transduction events. Omega-3 (n-3) long chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to protect against inflammatory diseases and enhance brain development and function. This had led to a marked increase in demand for fish and fish oils in human diets, supplements, and aquaculture and created a need for new, sustainable n-3 LC-PUFA sources. We have studied for the first time homogenous preparations of the membrane-type ω6 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases from the fungus Mortierella alpina, as a model system to produce PUFAs. These desaturases possess a di-iron metal center and are selective for 18:1 n-9 and 18:2 n-6 acyl-CoA substrates, respectively. Sequence alignments and membrane topology predictions support that these enzymes have unique cap regions that may include the rearrangement and repositioning of the active site, especially when compared to the mammalian stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) and the related sphingolipid α-hydroxylase (Scs7p) that act upon diffe...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KF433065
KF433064

Methods Mentioned

BETA
size exclusion chromatography
Protein Assay
Assay

Software Mentioned

ClustalW
Word
Microsoft Powerpoint
ChemDraw
PolyPhobius
Adobe Illustrator
SigmaPlot
MEGA

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