Subtype- and antigenic site-specific differences in biophysical influences on evolution of influenza virus hemagglutinin.

Virology Journal
Stephen J Stray, Lindsey B Pittman

Abstract

Influenza virus undergoes rapid evolution by both antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Antibodies, particularly those binding near the receptor-binding site of hemagglutinin (HA) or the neuraminidase (NA) active site, are thought to be the primary defense against influenza infection, and mutations in antibody binding sites can reduce or eliminate antibody binding. The binding of antibodies to their cognate antigens is governed by such biophysical properties of the interacting surfaces as shape, non-polar and polar surface area, and charge. To understand forces shaping evolution of influenza virus, we have examined HA sequences of human influenza A and B viruses, assigning each amino acid values reflecting total accessible surface area, non-polar and polar surface area, and net charge due to the side chain. Changes in each of these values between neighboring sequences were calculated for each residue and mapped onto the crystal structures. Areas of HA showing the highest frequency of pairwise changes agreed well with previously identified antigenic sites in H3 and H1 HAs, and allowed us to propose more detailed antigenic maps and novel antigenic sites for H1 and influenza B HA. Changes in biophysical properties differed between ...Continue Reading

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Feb 6, 2013·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Paul S WikramaratnaSunetra Gupta
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Kaleidagraph
PyMol
LBP
Excel
MUSCLE
Synergy
GraphPad Prism

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