Subtype-specific alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression

Archives of General Psychiatry
G SanacoraG F Mason

Abstract

Measurement of cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate concentrations is possible using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An initial report, using this technique, suggested that occipital cortex GABA concentrations are reduced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) relative to healthy comparison subjects. To replicate the GABA findings in a larger sample of MDD patients, to examine the clinical correlates of the GABA reductions in these subjects, and to examine other critical metabolite levels. Study for association. Academic clinical research program. The GABA measurements were made on 38 healthy control subjects and 33 depressed subjects. Occipital cortex metabolite levels were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The levels of occipital cortex GABA, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, aspartate, creatine, and choline-containing compounds, along with several measures of tissue composition, were compared between the 2 groups. Depressed subjects had significantly lower occipital cortex GABA concentrations compared with healthy controls (P =.01). In addition, mean glutamate levels were significantly increased in depressed subjects compared with healthy controls (P<.001). Significant redu...Continue Reading

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