PMID: 9180002Apr 1, 1997Paper

Subtypes of social withdrawal in early childhood: sociometric status and social-cognitive differences across four years

Child Development
A W HarristGregory S Pettit

Abstract

From a sample of 567 kindergartners observed during free play, 150 children were classified as socially withdrawn and followed over 4 years. A cluster analysis involving teacher ratings was used to identify subtypes of withdrawn children. Four clusters were identified, 3 fitting profiles found in the literature and labeled unsociable (n = 96), passive-anxious (n = 23), and active-isolate (n = 19), and 1 typically not discussed, labeled sad/depressed (n = 12). Sociometric ratings indicated that unsociable children had elevated rates of sociometric neglect, active-isolates had higher than expected levels of rejection, and sad/depressed children had elevated rates of both neglect and rejection. Subtypes also differed in social information-processing patterns, with active-isolate children displaying the least component skills. The findings that some experience more difficulty than others might account for the ambiguity in extant studies regarding whether or not social withdrawal is a risk factor in psychosocial development, because withdrawal has most often been treated as a unitary construct in the past.

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Citations

Jan 14, 2010·Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review·Julie Newman KingeryTyson R Reuter
Jul 20, 2006·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·Scott D GestAuke Tellegen
Oct 8, 2003·Clinical Psychology Review·Jo Anne Neal, Robert J Edelmann
Apr 15, 2010·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Miranda WitvlietHans M Koot
Aug 14, 2010·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Miranda WitvlietFrank Vitaro
Jan 30, 2003·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Rebecca Shiner, Avshalom Caspi
Oct 15, 2008·Annual Review of Psychology·Kenneth H RubinJulie C Bowker
Sep 2, 2000·Journal of Clinical Child Psychology·J B HodgensJ Boldizar
Mar 8, 2005·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Diego F WyszynskiRicardo D Bennun
Nov 25, 2011·Journal of Youth and Adolescence·Karen P KochelBecky Kochenderfer-Ladd
Mar 6, 2012·Journal of School Psychology·Amori Yee MikamiAnne Gregory
Sep 1, 2010·Personal Relationships·Brent FingerLorig Kachadourian
May 8, 2015·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·Xinyin ChenZhengyan Wang
Mar 25, 2014·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Michael NguyenAllan V Kalueff
Jan 27, 2015·The British Journal of Developmental Psychology·Xuechen DingChen Cheng
Oct 31, 2002·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Jill R ThurberStephen P Hinshaw
Oct 31, 2002·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Maureen E BuckleyKirstin C Moerk

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