Sulfluramid use in Brazilian agriculture: A source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment

Environmental Pollution
Rodrigo A NascimentoJuliana Leonel

Abstract

N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) is a perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor and the active ingredient in sulfluramid, a pesticide which is used extensively in Brazil for management of leaf cutting ants. Here we investigate the occurrence of EtFOSA, PFOS, and other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil, eucalyptus leaves, water (ground, riverine, and coastal (estuarine/marine)) and coastal sediment from an agricultural region of Bahia State, Brazil. This area contains a larger number of eucalyptus plantations where sulfluramid is suspected to be applied. Soil, leaves, and coastal water (marine/estuarine) contained ∑PFAS concentrations of up to 5400 pg g-1, 979 pg g-1, and 1020 pg L-1, respectively, with PFAS profiles generally dominated by PFOS and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). Coastal sediment contained ∑PFAS concentrations of up to 198 pg g-1, with PFOS, FOSA, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being the most frequently observed PFASs. These substances are all potential EtFOSA transformation products, pointing to sulfluramid as a possible source. In riverine water, ∑PFAS concentrations of up to 8930 pg L-1 were observed. PFOS and PFOA were detected in all river water samples. Groundwater als...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 28, 2020·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Caroline Lopes Feijo FernandesFlavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior
Jul 22, 2020·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·Harina Amer HamzahAndrew D Burrows
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Jan 15, 2022·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Daniele de A MirandaGary A Lamberti

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