Supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production

Environmental Technology
Tingyue GuAhmed Faik

Abstract

Owing to high petroleum prices, there has been a major push in recent years to use lignocellulosic biomass as biorefinery feedstocks. Unfortunately, by nature's design, lignocellulosic biomass is notoriously recalcitrant. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon source on the planet and comprises glucan polysaccharides which self-assemble into paracrystalline microfibrils. The extent of cellulose crystallinity largely contributes to biomass recalcitrance. Additionally, cellulose microfibrils are embedded into both hemicellulose and lignin polymeric networks, making cellulose accessibility an additional obstacle. Pretreatment is necessary before enzymatic hydrolysis in order to liberate high yields of glucose and other fermentable sugars from biomass polysaccharides. This work discusses two pretreatment methods, supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids (ILs). Both methods utilize green solvents that do not emit toxic vapours. Mechanisms for destroying or weakening biomass recalcitrance have been explored. Various pretreatment operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, time, dry biomass/solvent ratio, water content, etc. have been investigated for the pretreatment of various biomass types such as corn stover, switchgra...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 8, 2015·The New Phytologist·Poppy E MarriottSimon J McQueen-Mason
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Apr 23, 2020·Biotechnology for Biofuels·Chien-Yuan Lin, Aymerick Eudes
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Nov 21, 2014·Chemical Reviews·Ana R C MoraisRafał Bogel-Łukasik

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
X-Ray
chips

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