Abstract
Numerous mechanisms for the formation of intimal hyperplasia have been proposed but none have been proven or accepted. Our research focuses on the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factors as well as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase /protein Kinase B (PI3-K/AKT) pathway in hypoxia-mediated intimal hyperplasia processes. We hypothesize that HIF and VEGF will be downregulated with supplemental oxygen in our arteriovenous fistula rabbit model. Rabbits were randomized into different experimental groups with varying oxygen exposure (21% O2 or 30% O2) and receipt of surgery (surgery with fistula formation, no surgery, or sham operation with skin incision only). Plasma samples were collected at designated intervals in which cytokines and smooth muscle cell proliferation were measured. In addition, cell specimens were exposed to hyperoxic, normoxic, and hypoxic environments with cytokines measured at various time points. Placement of an arteriovenous fistula resulted in hypoxia-induced HIF stabilization with a concurrent increase in VEGF levels. There was a 4.2-fold induction in HIF-1α levels in animal...Continue Reading
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