Supralethal poisoning by any of the classical nerve agents is effectively counteracted by procyclidine regimens in rats

Neurotoxicology
Trond MyhrerPål Aas

Abstract

A treatment regimen consisting of HI-6, levetiracetam, and procyclidine (termed the triple regimen) has previously been shown to work as a universal therapy against soman poisoning in rats, since it has capacities to function as both prophylactic and therapeutic measure. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the triple regimen may have antidotal efficacy against intoxication by other classical nerve agents than soman. The treatment was given 1 and 5 min after exposure to a supralethal dose of nerve agents, and the results showed that the triple regimen successfully prevented or terminated seizures and preserved the lives of rats exposed to 5×LD50 of soman, sarin, cyclosarin, or VX, but solely 3×LD50 of tabun was managed by this regimen. To meet the particular antidotal requirements of tabun, the triple regimen was reinforced with obidoxime and was made to a quadruple regimen that effectively treated rats intoxicated by 5×LD50 of tabun. The rats recovered very well and the majority gained pre-exposure body weight within 7 days. Neuropathology was seen in all groups regardless of whether the rats seized or not. The most extensive damage was produced by sarin and cyclosarin. Differentiation between the nerve agen...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1992·British Journal of Industrial Medicine·J Bajgar
Jul 1, 1990·Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems·H GarrigueA Veyre
Jan 1, 1989·Archives of Toxicology·M G Hamilton, P M Lundy
Aug 1, 1984·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·S P SivamI K Ho
Jun 1, 1995·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·J H McDonough, T M Shih
Jan 1, 1993·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·J H McDonough, T M Shih
Jan 1, 1996·Archives of Toxicology·H P van HeldenP L Bruijnzeel
Sep 24, 1999·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·T M Shih, J H McDonough
Feb 13, 2001·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·J Kassa, M Koupilová
Jul 7, 2001·Archives of Pharmacal Research·E J JangC K Shim
Dec 12, 2002·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·J Kassa
Jun 28, 2005·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·T OkumuraK Suzuki
Nov 1, 2005·Chemico-biological Interactions·Tsung-Ming ShihJohn H McDonough
Feb 1, 2006·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Trond MyhrerPål Aas
Feb 21, 2006·Neurotoxicology·Janet WetherellHelen Mumford
May 11, 2011·Toxicology Letters·Herman P M van HeldenIngrid H C Philippens
Feb 2, 2012·Epilepsia·Anna L MeehanSteven M Rothman
May 7, 2014·Annals of Internal Medicine·Yossi RosmanMichael Kassirer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 29, 2016·Archives of Toxicology·Franz WorekHorst Thiermann
Sep 23, 2020·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Laxmikant S DeshpandeRobert J DeLorenzo
Nov 14, 2020·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·Maria Alozi, Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Addiction

This feed focuses mechanisms underlying addiction and addictive behaviour including heroin and opium dependence, alcohol intoxication, gambling, and tobacco addiction.

Amygdala and Midbrain Dopamine

The midbrain dopamine system is widely studied for its involvement in emotional and motivational behavior. Some of these neurons receive information from the amygdala and project throughout the cortex. When the circuit and transmission of dopamine is disrupted symptoms may present. Here is the latest research on the amygdala and midbrain dopamine.

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly due to stroke and thromboembolism. Here is the latest research.

Amygdala: Sensory Processes

Amygdalae, nuclei clusters located in the temporal lobe of the brain, play a role in memory, emotional responses, and decision-making. Here is the latest research on sensory processes in the amygdala.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are abnormalities in heart rhythms, which can be either too fast or too slow. They can result from abnormalities of the initiation of an impulse or impulse conduction or a combination of both. Here is the latest research on arrhythmias.