Surface water mitigates the anti-metamorphic effects of perchlorate in New Mexico spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) and African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Chemosphere
John M BrauschPhilip N Smith

Abstract

Spea multiplicata (New Mexico spadefoot toad) larvae were exposed to 60, 110, and 1000 microg L(-1) perchlorate dissolved in natural surface water to determine risks associated with perchlorate exposure in desert-adapted anurans. Hind- and forelimb development and tail resorption were measured to identify effects of perchlorate exposure. No perchlorate-related effects on snout-vent length, hindlimb length, and proportion metamorphosed were observed in the highest treatment group (positive control; 1000 microg L(-1)) suggesting that either S.multiplicata are not sensitive to the effects of perchlorate at the concentrations tested or that unidentified constituents of natural surface water mitigated perchlorate toxicity. To identify whether surface water mitigated perchlorate toxicity, Xenopuslaevis were exposed to 20 and 60 microg L(-1) perchlorate in surface water and synthetic laboratory prepared water (i.e., FETAX media). X.laevis exposed to perchlorate dissolved in surface water exhibited no perchlorate-related anti-metamorphic effects, whereas X.laevis exposed to perchlorate in FETAX media experienced changes in percent metamorphosing (p<0.001), time to metamorphosis (p<0.001), snout-vent length (p<0.001), and hindlimb lengt...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 21, 2011·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Junling ZhangGeorge P Cobb
Feb 6, 2013·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Lennart WeltjeJames R Wheeler
Apr 10, 2014·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Diana E K Flood, Valerie S Langlois
Jun 14, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Melissa A SandozPhilip N Smith
May 26, 2018·Scientific Reports·Amaël BorzéeYikweon Jang
Apr 16, 2021·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Paisley ThomsonValerie S Langlois
Jun 9, 2021·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Itzayana Pérez-AlvarezGermán Chamorro-Cevallos

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