Abstract
Proteoglycans are promising therapeutic targets in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), because they regulate many aspects of the immune response. This was studied using surfen, an agent that binds both heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Initial cell culture work on bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) found that surfen reduced concentrations of the chemokines CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5, with reduced messenger (m)RNA expression for Tumor Necrosis Factor, IL-6, IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These data were further explored using Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Surfen reduced clinical signs during EAE when administered from disease onset, and reduced infiltration by CD4 positive T cells and macrophages into the central nervous system. These mice also showed reduced mRNA expression for the chemokines CCL3 and CCL5, with reduced concentrations of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5. During EAE, surfen treatment induced a persistent increase in Interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations which may enhance T helper 2 responses. During EAE, surfen treatment reduced mRNA expression for HSPGs (NDST1, agrin, syndecan-4, perlecan, serglycin, syndecan-1) and the CSPG versican. By contrast, su...Continue Reading
References
Oct 1, 1995·Journal of Neurocytology·N D Jeffery, W F Blakemore
Feb 5, 1999·Glia·R H Woodruff, R J Franklin
Jun 6, 2000·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·N Bodor, P Buchwald
Aug 5, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·P KalińskiM L Kapsenberg
May 24, 2001·Current Opinion in Neurology·C Bjartmar, B D Trapp
Jan 5, 2002·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·R A Sobel, A S Ahmed
Feb 16, 2002·Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology·K J Livak, T D Schmittgen
Jan 15, 2005·Neurobiology of Disease·Mark R KotterRobin J M Franklin
Feb 9, 2005·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·A K Foote, W F Blakemore
Jan 7, 2006·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Asya RollsMichal Schwartz
Jul 21, 2006·Glia·Anna SetzuRobin J M Franklin
Sep 29, 2006·Neurobiology of Disease·Jack van HorssenHelga E de Vries
May 10, 2007·Nature Protocols·Ingunn M Stromnes, Joan M Goverman
Aug 13, 2008·Histochemistry and Cell Biology·Dieter R Zimmermann, María T Dours-Zimmermann
Aug 30, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Manuela SchukszJeffrey D Esko
Mar 11, 2010·Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology·Sean TaylorMarie Nguyen
Apr 20, 2010·Molecular Immunology·Menachem BitanIsrael Vlodavsky
May 4, 2010·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Juhua ZhouMitzi Nagarkatti
Aug 25, 2010·Neuroscience·K A GiamancoR T Matthews
Oct 27, 2010·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Ding XuJeffrey D Esko
May 9, 2012·Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology·Janis Shute
Jun 21, 2012·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Peter K StysJeroen J G Geurts
Oct 5, 2012·Annals of Neurology·Lorraine W LauV Wee Yong
Apr 17, 2013·Experimental Neurology·James C PendletonJohn W McDonald
Jul 23, 2013·Nature Neuroscience·Veronique E MironCharles Ffrench-Constant
Dec 10, 2013·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Jordan WarfordAlexander S Easton
Apr 23, 2015·Experimental Neurology·Scott M Dyck, Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
Apr 27, 2016·Nature Communications·Michael B KeoughV Wee Yong
May 24, 2016·Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE·Julia BarthelmesSusanne Schiffmann
Oct 28, 2016·Behavioural Brain Research·Maximillan D J FianderGeorge S Robertson
Citations
Feb 13, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Davide MarangonMarta Fumagalli
Jun 10, 2020·ELife·Magali MacchiPascale Durbec
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Seyedeh Maryam Alavi Naini, Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
Oct 19, 2020·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Harry PantazopoulosSabina Berretta
Nov 1, 2020·Cancers·Luigi SapioSilvio Naviglio
Dec 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Christian KirschneckAgnes Schröder
Mar 6, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease·Narjes ShahsavaniSoheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
Apr 2, 2021·Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis·Tanja GerlzaAndreas J Kungl
Sep 12, 2018·Chemical Reviews·Nikos K KaramanosRenato V Iozzo