Surgical treatment of chronic empyema.

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Y Shiraishi

Abstract

Empyema remains challenging for thoracic surgeons. This review covers diverse aspects of acute empyema and chronic empyema and its surgical treatment. The triphasic nature of thoracic empyema (stages I, II, and III) is also addressed. The principles of empyema treatment are early diagnosis and early treatment. For acute empyema (empyema in stages I and II), early surgical intervention, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic débridement, is recommended when conventional chest tube drainage has failed. Radical treatments of chronic empyema (empyema in stage III) include (1) removal of the empyema space (decortication with or without lung resection) and (2) obliteration of the pleural space with muscle flaps or omentum flaps, or by thoracoplasty. Decortication is the procedure of choice for patients with reexpandable underlying lung. When bronchopleural fistula exists in the underlying lung, the fistula should be securely closed. For those patients whose underlying lung cannot be expected to reexpand, the procedure of choice is either concomitant removal of the affected lung with the empyema space or obliteration of the pleural space. For patients who are not eligible for the above-mentioned radical treatment, open-window thoracosto...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 16, 2012·Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery·Ryo MiyataHiroshi Date
Jun 22, 2012·Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery·Tsuyoshi UenoShinichiro Miyoshi
Jan 24, 2014·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Rachna Madan, Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick
Jan 23, 2013·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·Yuan-Ming TsaiChing Tzao
Mar 1, 2012·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·Ni ZhangWei Sun
Jun 6, 2012·Pulmonary Medicine·Petre Vlah-Horea Botianu, Alexandru Mihail Botianu
Feb 23, 2013·Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals·Atsushi SanoJun Nakajima
Apr 9, 2011·Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases·Lukas KernMartin Brutsche
Apr 27, 2011·Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine·Imran ZahidMarco Scarci
Jan 14, 2021·Health Science Reports·Takashi SakaiAkira Iyoda

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