PMID: 9160498May 15, 1997Paper

Survival analysis in observational studies

Statistics in Medicine
K Bull, D J Spiegelhalter

Abstract

Multi-centre databases are making an increasing contribution to medical understanding. While the statistical handling of randomized experimental studies is well documented in the medical literature, the analysis of observational studies requires the addressing of additional important issues relating to the timing of entry to the study and the effect of potential explanatory variables not introduced until after that time. A series of analyses is illustrated on a small data set. The influence of single and multiple explanatory variables on the outcome after a fixed time interval and on survival time until a specific event are examined. The analysis of the effect on survival of factors that only come into play during follow-up is then considered. The aim of each analysis, the choice of data used, the essentials of the methodology, the interpretation of the results and the limitations and underlying assumptions are discussed. It is emphasized that, in contrast to randomized studies, the basis for selection and timing of interventions in observational studies is not precisely specified so that attribution of a survival effect to an intervention must be tentative. A glossary of terms is provided.

Citations

Jan 30, 2004·Journal of Virology·Jeroen WitteveldtMariëlle C W van Hulten
Jun 28, 2008·Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology·W Burleson DavissJames Mintz
Dec 10, 2008·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Sandra A NormanLawrence J Solin
Feb 27, 2007·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Julia D BucknerPeter M Lewinsohn
Dec 31, 2002·Osteoarthritis and Cartilage·F V WilderJ P Barrett
Apr 13, 2000·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·R HauptM Jankovic
Nov 8, 2003·Critical Care Medicine·Gilles ClermontMichael R Pinsky
Aug 2, 2005·Biometrical Journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift·Emilio Letón, Pilar Zuluaga
Aug 27, 2014·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Rasmus Østergaard NielsenSten Rasmussen
Jun 9, 2006·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·M RoyJ Skurnick
May 1, 2008·Statistical Methods in Medical Research·Ardo van den Hout, Fiona E Matthews
Jan 9, 2007·Foot & Ankle International·Melissa Y MahiquezHeidi M Stephens
Aug 17, 2010·Public Health Nutrition·Jennifer Peregoy, Frances Vaughn Wilder
Jun 30, 2012·Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·Anouk T N van DiepenSarbjit V Jassal
Dec 26, 2003·Statistics in Medicine·Paul W DickmanTimo Hakulinen
Jul 23, 2005·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Frances V WilderEdward J Farina
Feb 27, 2007·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·O Gajic-VeljanoskiA M Cheung
Jul 22, 2014·Congenital Heart Disease·Matthias GreutmannJack M Colman
May 23, 2012·Hepatology Research : the Official Journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology·Hla-Hla TheinGregory J Dore
Mar 12, 2016·American Journal of Clinical Oncology·Wayne S Kendal
Mar 31, 2016·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·L Silvia Munoz-PriceMarc Bonten
Jun 24, 2017·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Adriana JimenezMerhawi T Gebrezgi
Jan 1, 2015·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Nathan BrummelE Wesley Ely
Mar 10, 2016·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Rasmus Østergaard NielsenErik Thorlund Parner
Jan 21, 2017·British Journal of Sports Medicine·M MøllerG Myklebust
Mar 4, 2015·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Beena G SoodXinguang Chen
Mar 24, 2020·Bone Marrow Transplantation·Andre Manfred WillaschUNKNOWN EBMT Paediatric Diseases Working Party
May 6, 2006·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Isabelle LascombeHugues Bittard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Annual Review of Public Health
K M LeungA A Afifi
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
Salimah Z ShariffAmit X Garg
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved