Abstract
The clinical and therapeutic management of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) remains a subject of controversy. In addition, most studies have not recorded the long-term follow-up and the outcome of these cases. We enrolled 246 patients affected by MC who were consecutively admitted to our Department from January 1993 to February 2013. Clinical and biological data had been recorded until June 2014. The median age (at diagnosis) was 60 years (range 26⁻83). The aetiology was HCV in 95% of patients, HBV in 3% and “essential” in 2%. HCV genotype was 1b in 57%, genotypes 2⁻3 in 43%. MC was Type II in 203 of the cases (87%) and Type III in 52 (13%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were purpura (72%), chronic liver disease (70%), glomerulonephritis (35%), arthralgias (58%), peripheral neuropathy (21%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (15%) and cutaneous ulcers (3%). Purpura, arthralgias, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were more frequently observed in Type II than in Type III MC (p < 0.05). Treatments were interferon (IFN) or Pegilated-IFN (PEG-IFN) alone or plus Ribavirin (RIBA) in 101 cases, steroids with or without alkylating agents in 33 cases, Rituximab in 8 patients. The complete clinical, ...Continue Reading
References
Dec 1, 1975·The American Journal of Medicine·D CordonnierP Stoebner
Nov 19, 1992·The New England Journal of Medicine·V AgnelloL M Kaplan
Nov 1, 1974·The American Journal of Medicine·J C BrouetM Seligmann
Aug 1, 1980·The American Journal of Medicine·P D GorevicE C Franklin
Aug 1, 1995·Journal of Internal Medicine·C MazzaroG Pozzato
Jul 1, 1993·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·C FerriS Bombardieri
Aug 1, 1996·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·P Bedossa, T Poynard
May 16, 2000·Journal of Internal Medicine·C MazzaroG Pozzato
Feb 5, 2002·Journal of Clinical Pathology·C FerriS A Pileri
Jun 28, 2002·Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine·C FerriS Pileri
Oct 25, 2006·Archives of Internal Medicine·David SaadounPatrice Cacoub
Feb 26, 2009·British Journal of Haematology·Cesare MazzaroGabriele Pozzato
Mar 15, 2011·Arthritis and Rheumatism·Benjamin TerrierPatrice Cacoub
Aug 9, 2011·Autoimmunity Reviews·C FerriS De Vita
Dec 8, 2011·Arthritis and Rheumatism·S De VitaG Monti
Jun 24, 2015·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Paolo ConcaGiovanni Tarantino
Oct 28, 2016·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Michele MerliCarlo Visco
Dec 13, 2016·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Marina ArtemovaNikolay Mukhin
Citations
Mar 9, 2019·Panminerva Medica·Qin CaoQiang Liu
May 28, 2019·Journal of Internal Medicine·C MazzaroV Gattei
Sep 16, 2020·BMC Nephrology·Chao LiXue-Wang Li
Dec 10, 2020·BMC Rheumatology·Nasam AlfrajiHalyna Kuzyshyn
Mar 16, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Wei BaiXiaofeng Zeng
Nov 18, 2020·Minerva medica·Cesare MazzaroValter Gattei
May 25, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Roman MaslennikovElena Shirokova
Jun 3, 2021·Viruses·Cesare MazzaroLuca Quartuccio
Dec 17, 2021·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Patrice Cacoub, Tarik Asselah