Susceptibility testing of Anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 African countries, in preparation for indoor residual spraying with new insecticide formulations

Malaria Journal
Richard M OxboroughDereje Dengela

Abstract

In 2017, more than 5 million house structures were sprayed through the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, protecting more than 21 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. New IRS formulations, SumiShield™ 50WG and Fludora Fusion™ WP-SB, became World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified vector control products in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Both formulations contain the neonicotinoid active ingredient, clothianidin. The target site of neonicotinoids represents a novel mode of action for vector control, meaning that cross-resistance through existing mechanisms is less likely. In preparation for rollout of clothianidin formulations as part of national IRS rotation strategies, baseline susceptibility testing was conducted in 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While work coordinated by the WHO is ongoing to develop a suitable bottle bioassay procedure, there was no published guidance regarding clothianidin susceptibility procedures or diagnostic concentrations. Therefore, a protocol was developed for impregnating filter papers with 2% w/v SumiShield™ 50WG dissolved in distilled water. Susceptibility tests were conducted using insectary-reared reference Anopheles and wild collected malaria vector species. All tests were conducted ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 10, 2003·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Abdoulaye DiabateJean Marc Hougard
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May 28, 2016·Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology·Djogbénou S LucMakoutode Michel
Feb 16, 2019·Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology·Ruoheng JinJianhong Li

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Citations

Jan 22, 2021·PLoS Genetics·Xavier Grau-BovéUNKNOWN Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium
Oct 13, 2021·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Xiaolong ZhuBart Kahr

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Software Mentioned

PoloPlus
VectorLink
LeOra
PMI

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