Switchable hydrophilicity solvent based and solidification-assisted liquid-phase microextraction combined with GFAAS for quantification of trace soluble lead in raw bovine and derivative milk products

Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment
Huili WangXuedong Wang

Abstract

A novel microextraction method was developed by combining CO2-controlled switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) with solidification of the aqueous phase (SAP), referred to as CSHS-SAP. It was applied for pre-concentration/extraction of the complexes of Pb-ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) prior to GFAAS detection in raw bovine milk and milk products (whole-fat, half-skimmed and skimmed milks). In the CSHS-SAP microextraction, a clear interface was easily formed, and convenient and complete collection was achieved by directly transferring the SHS phase into a vial, which overcame the shortcomings of blurred interface and difficult collection of SHS phase using CSHS-based microextraction. SAP led to the increase of extraction recoveries for Pb2+ by 8-11%. Some important factors were optimised using a one-factor-at-a-time approach: 800 µL of N,N-dimethylbutylamine and water at a ratio of 1:1 as SHS, 1.0 g L-1 APDC as chelating agent, sample pH = 6.0, 0.6 mL of 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH, solidification time of 70 min and 300 µL of 0.5 mol L-1 HNO3 for back extraction. Under optimised conditions, limits of detection were as low as 0.01-0.02 µg kg-1 and enrichment factors reached more than 23-fold. Inter- and intra-day precisions h...Continue Reading

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flame atomic absorption spectrometry
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