Symmetry protected topological superfluid (3)He-B

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
Takeshi MizushimaKazushige Machida

Abstract

Owing to the richness of symmetry and well-established knowledge of bulk superfluidity, the superfluid (3)He has offered a prototypical system to study intertwining of topology and symmetry. This article reviews recent progress in understanding the topological superfluidity of (3)He in a multifaceted manner, including symmetry considerations, the Jackiw-Rebbi's index theorem, and the quasiclassical theory. Special focus is placed on the symmetry protected topological superfuidity of the (3)He-B confined in a slab geometry. The (3)He-B under a magnetic field is separated to two different sub-phases: the symmetry protected topological phase and non-topological phase. The former phase is characterized by the existence of symmetry protected Majorana fermions. The topological phase transition between them is triggered by the spontaneous breaking of a hidden discrete symmetry. The critical field is quantitatively determined from the microscopic calculation that takes account of magnetic dipole interaction of the (3)He nucleus. It is also demonstrated that odd-frequency even-parity Cooper pair amplitudes are emergent in low-lying quasiparticles. The key ingredients, symmetry protected Majorana fermions and odd-frequency pairing, bring...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 20, 2015·Physical Review Letters·M A SilaevM Fogelström
Apr 22, 2017·Physical Review Letters·Yasumasa Tsutsumi
Dec 31, 2016·Physical Review Letters·S AuttiV B Eltsov
Feb 25, 2017·Physical Review Letters·P ZhengH B Chan
Jun 27, 2018·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·T Mizushima, K Machida

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